Organomineral potassium humate was extracted from coal mining waste from the Lenger deposit (Turkestan region, Kazakhstan) by alkaline extraction using an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. The time and temperature of the process were investigated for the degree of extraction and yield of the product. A comprehensive study of the physicochemical properties of the raw material and the resulting production potassium humate was carried out by chemical analysis, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersion, IR-Fourier spectrometric and X-ray diffractographic analyses. The maximum degree of extraction and yield of the product wasachieved at 80 °C and 90 min. Moreover, the experimental data were subjected to kinetic processing, as a result of which it was established that the process of extraction of potassium humate occurs in the external diffusion region.

The oil bitumen BND 90/130, produced at the “LLP SP Caspi Bitum” with the modifier, which consists of copolymer of ethylene with butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate taken in an amount of 0.5–1.6 wt%, and the tire reclaim (4–20 wt%), which is the destructate of mesh elastomers of different chemical nature, was modified; possibility of using the developed bitumen-elastomer binders in road asphalt concrete was justified. Modification of bitumen with a copolymer of ethylene with butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate leads to an improvement in the properties of road bitumen: the softening point, hardness, deformability at low temperatures, elasticity, and adhesion to metal and mineral filler increase. It was shown that ethylene with butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate chemically interacts with the functional groups of bitumen asphaltenes through the epoxy group of glycidyl methacrylate. Analysis of the spectra and group composition indicates an increased content of high molecular weight asphaltenes in the modified bitumen with a slight increase in structuring resins. It has been established that bitumen modified with rubber crumbs of 0.6–1.0 mm in size has high elasticity. The most effective composition of a bitumen-regenerated composite material based on tire reclaim has been determined. In terms of the totality of physicochemical and operational characteristics and comparative cost, the most acceptable is the bitumen-regenerated composition (with a regenerate content of 20%) and is superior in the complex of properties to bitumen modified with an optimal content of ethylene with butyl acrylate and glycidyl methacrylate (1.6%). The technology for modifying bitumen with tire reclaim is less time-consuming, more economically profitable, and environmentally effective, since it utilizes large-tonnage waste of worn-out tires. The resulting bitumen-polymer compositions have a high positive set of properties: softening point, hardness, elasticity, frost resistance, and low-temperature characteristics.

Recovery of fat-and-oil production wastes will reduce the technogenic impact on the environment, as well as involve them in a new production cycle as a secondary material resource. As part of solving this problem, the possibilities of using fat-and-oil production wastes in the production of a tyre reclaim and a modified tyre reclaim are considered. In the course of the studies, the fat-and-oil industry wastes sorption characteristics are determined, and in relation to oils in static and dynamic conditions, the spent reagent reclamation ways are determined. The authors obtained a tyre reclaim and a modified tyre reclaim using the fat-and-oil industry wastes (soap stock, diatomite, bleaching clay, and fatty acids isolated from soap stock). In this work, the authors studied the possibility of using the fat-and-oil industry wastes in the formulations of a tyre reclaim and a modified tyre reclaim. Extended physical and mechanical tests of experimental rubbers led to the conclusion that it is most expedient to use the fat-and-oil industry wastes in the formulation of rubber compounds for production of sleeper pads for railroad tracks, since when using a tyre reclaim and a modified tyre reclaim, the indicators of rubber properties practically do not change and comply with control standards.

In this work, composite materials were obtained for the first time using various methods and the dependences of the resulting surface morphologies were investigated. This involves modifying the surface with cucurbit[n]urils, which are highly promising macrocyclic compounds. The process includes applying cucurbit[6]uril to the hydroxyapatite surface in water using different modification techniques. The first method involved precipitating a dispersion of CB[6] in undissolved form in water. The second method involved using fully dissolved CB[6] in deionized water, after which the composite materials were dried to constant weight. The third method involved several steps: first, CB[6] was dissolved in deionized water, then, upon heating, a dispersion of CB[6] was formed on the surface of HA. The fourth method involved using ultrasonic treatment. All four methods yielded materials with different surface morphologies, which were studied and characterized using techniques such as infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Based on these results, it is possible to vary the properties and surface morphology of the obtained materials. Depending on the method of applying CB[6] to the surface and inside the HA scaffold, it is possible to adjust the composition and structure of the target composite materials. The methods for applying CB[6] to the hydroxyapatite surface enhance its versatility and compatibility with the body’s environment, which is crucial for developing new functional composite materials. This includes leveraging supramolecular systems based on the CB[n] family. The obtained results can be used to model the processes of obtaining biocomposite materials, as well as to predict the properties of future materials with biological activity.

For the first time, the possibility of replacing carbon black and stearic acid with waste from the fat and oil industry (diatomite, bleached clay) is investigated. The value of the conditional tensile strength for vulcanizates containing stearic acid is 8,26 MPa, and for the studied vulcanizates containing selected clay, it is in the range of 7,88-8,39 MPa, for those containing diatomite is 7,88-8,43 MPa. The elongation at break for the studied vulcanizates containing selected clay increases from 280% to 300%, for those containing diatomite is from 280 to 297%. A hardness according Shore is found for the studied ones containing selected clay and diatomite in the range of 64-71 conv.units, for the reference rubber of 63 conv.units.The conducted studies show that the conditional strength and tear resistance decrease when carbon black is replaced with selected clay, as well as diatomite, but the indicators remain within the permissible limits for this rubber. The main role in enhancing the regenerate is played by caoutchouc. Therefore, carbon black and stearic acid can be replaced with less active, but cheaper and environmentally friendly ingredients. Extended physico-mechanical tests of experimental rubbers led to the conclusion that is most expedient to use waste from the fat-and-oil industry in the formulation of rubber mixtures for the manufacture of under-rail laying of railway tracks, since when using waste from the fat-and-oil industry, the properties of rubbers practically do not change, comply with control standards.

Anodic oxidation of reduced phosphorus forms - hypophosphorous and phosphorous acids is an attractive approach from both fundamental science and applied applications (purification and phosphorus recycling). The aim of this research is to investigate the anodic oxidation of phosphorous acid under galvanostatic conditions and to comprehensively evaluate the influence of key parameters on the process efficiency and reaction mechanism. Electrochemical property of phosphorous acid was carried out by recording cyclic voltammetry using a Potentiostat/galvanostat Electrochemical Workstation Corrtest Instruments and electrolysis under galvanostatic condition. The influence of the current density, electrolyte concentration, and temperature on the current efficiency of phosphorous acid oxidation has been studied. The obtained results show that the two distinct anodic peaks observed at a potential of approximately +0,7 V and a potential of approximately +0,95 V upon the addition of H3PO3) can be confidently assigned to the stepwise electro-oxidation of phosphorous acid. The results demonstrate that under electrolysis conditions, the anodic oxidation of phosphorous acid yields phosphate ions. Based on the electrochemical data, it was hypothesized that the formed lead oxide layer exhibits an electrocatalytic effect toward this process, significantly enhancing the anodic currents. The practical significance of this work lies in the scientific substantiation and selection of optimal process parameters for the anodic oxidation of phosphorous acid. Replacing expensive noble metals with a lead anode— which is both cost-effective and corrosion-resistant in sulfuric acid media - ensures a high current efficiency for the target product. Based on the obtained scientific results, the proposed electrochemical method for purifying thermal phosphoric acid was tested at the «NDFZ» LLP production facility.