In recent years, the utilization of microfluidic devices for precise manipulation of small flows has significantly increased. The effective management of microfluidics is closely associated with microchannel fabrication. The fabrication method employed for microfluidic devices directly impacts the roughness of the microchannels, consequently influencing the flows within them. In this study, the surface roughness of microchannels was investigated through three different fabrication processes: PDMS lithography, PLA printing, and UV resin printing. This research compared and analyzed the surface roughness of the microchannels fabricated using these methods. Furthermore, supported by a dynamic fluid simulator, the impact of surface roughness on flow behavior was shown. Results reveal varying degrees of roughness prominence in curved regions. Comparing microfluidic device fabrication techniques is crucial to optimize the process, control roughness, analyze flow rates, and select a proper material to be used in the development of microfluidic devices.

In this letter, a tunable filter design based on polymer and silicon layers is presented. It is shown that by taking advantage of the different thermal properties of these materials, the overall spectral and tuning characteristics can be controlled by selecting the thickness of these layers. Moreover, a mathematical model to simulate the reflectivity spectrum and the tuning behavior due to the temperature of the filter is presented. Finally, two filters were fabricated and their experimental behavior is well described by our mathematical approximation model.

Anthropogenic activities have increased the amount of urban wastewater discharged into natural aquatic reservoirs containing a high amount of nutrients such as phosphorus (Pi and PO ${}_4^{-3}$ ), nitrogen (NH ${}_3$ and NO ${}_3^{-}$ ) and organic contaminants. Most of the urban wastewater in Mexico do not receive any treatment to remove nutrients. Several studies have reported that an alternative to reduce those contaminants is using consortiums of microalgae and endogenous bacteria. In this research, a genome-scale biochemical reaction network is reconstructed for the co-culture between the microalga Chlorella vulgaris and the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Metabolic Pathway Analysis (MPA), is applied to understand the metabolic capabilities of the co-culture and to elucidate the best conditions in removing nutrients. Theoretical yields for phosphorus removal under photoheterotrophic conditions are calculated, determining their values as 0.042 mmol of PO ${}_4^{-3}$ per g DW of C. vulgaris, 19.43 mmol of phosphorus (Pi) per g DW of C. vulgaris and 4.90 mmol of phosphorus (Pi) per g DW of P. aeruginosa. Similarly, according to the genome-scale biochemical reaction network the theoretical yields for nitrogen removal are 10.3 mmol of NH ${}_3$ per g DW of P. aeruginosa and 7.19 mmol of NO ${}_3^{-}$ per g DW of C. vulgaris. Thus, this research proves the metabolic capacity of these microorganisms in removing nutrients and their theoretical yields are calculated.

In this letter, the viability of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for widen the overall measurement range of optical sensors, based on interferometric arrangements, is demonstrated. Moreover, it is proven that by using ensembles of ANN regressions the traditional $2\pi $ ambiguity of interferometric sensors can be overcome. Here, a simple temperature sensor was implemented and from measured spectra a dataset of features was formed. For this sensor, the measurement range was increased by a factor of 2 and the achieved mean absolute error was $0.17{^{\circ }}\text{C}$ . Finally, it is shown that based on numerical results it can be expected that by using these types of ensembles the measurement range and the precision of predictions can be further enhanced.

YMnO₃ is a P-type semiconductor with a perovskite-type structure (ABO₃). It presents two crystalline systems: rhombohedral and hexagonal, the latter being the most stable and studied. In the hexagonal system, Mn³⁺ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions forming a trigonal bipyramid, and the Y³⁺ ions are coordinated by five oxygen ions. This arrangement favors its ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, which have been widely studied since 1963. However, applications based on their optical properties have yet to be explored. This work evaluates the photoelectric response and the photocatalytic activity of yttrium manganite in visible spectrum wavelengths. To conduct this, a rod-obelisk-shaped yttrium manganite with a reduced indirect bandgap value of 1.43 eV in its hexagonal phase was synthesized through the precipitation method. The synthesized yttrium manganite was elucidated by solid-state techniques, such as DRX, XPS, and UV-vis. It was non-toxic as shown by the 100% leukocyte viability of mice BALB/c.