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The importance of CO2 removal from the atmosphere has long been an essential topic due to climate change. In this paper, the authors aim to demonstrate the suitability of the underground reservoirs for CO2 storage based on their geological characteristics. The research addressed the potential of geological formations for fossil CO2 storage in the Baltic States to support the goal of achieving carbon neutrality in the region. The geological, technical, and economic feasibility for CO2 storage has been assessed in terms of carbon sequestration in geological structures and the legal framework for safe geological storage of fossil CO2. Results indicate that prospective structural traps in the Baltic States, with reasonable capacity for CO2 storage, occur only in Southwestern Latvia (onshore) and in the Baltic Sea (offshore), whilst other regions in the Baltics either do not meet basic geological requirements, or have no economically feasible capacity for CO2 storage. Based on the examination of geological characteristics, the most fitting is the middle Cambrian reservoir in the Baltic sedimentary basin, and one of the most prospective structural traps is the geological structure of Dobele, with an estimated storage capacity of 150 Mt CO2. This study revealed that the storage capacity of the middle Cambrian reservoir (up to 1000 Mt CO2) within the borders of Southwestern Latvia is sufficient for carbon capture and safe storage for the whole Baltic region, and that geological structures in Latvia have the capacity to store all fossil CO2 emissions produced by stationary sources in the Baltic States for several decades.
Jānis Krūmiņš; Māris Kļaviņš; Aija Dēliņa; Raivo Damkevics; Valdis Segliņš. Potential of the Middle Cambrian Aquifer for Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Baltic States. Energies 2021, 14, 3681 .
AMA StyleJānis Krūmiņš, Māris Kļaviņš, Aija Dēliņa, Raivo Damkevics, Valdis Segliņš. Potential of the Middle Cambrian Aquifer for Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Baltic States. Energies. 2021; 14 (12):3681.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJānis Krūmiņš; Māris Kļaviņš; Aija Dēliņa; Raivo Damkevics; Valdis Segliņš. 2021. "Potential of the Middle Cambrian Aquifer for Carbon Dioxide Storage in the Baltic States." Energies 14, no. 12: 3681.
Demand for new biological technologies in agriculture is ever growing, particularly with respect to the need of restoring the soil organic matter and soil fertility. Products of natural origin are developed to stimulate plant growth and productivity. Humic substances (HS) are the decay products of living matter, with high molecular weight and complex structure. Nowadays, HS are industrially produced from various materials like peat, lignin, soil and compost. The objective of this study is to make a comparison of the impact of HS of different origin on plant development. In total, eight different HS were used; four were extracted from various materials and four were commercially available products. To evaluate the stimulating effect, three different species of plants were used (Triticum aestivum, Sinapis alba, Lepidum sativum). The tests were carried out on Phytotestkit plates, germinating the seeds in different solutions of HS in various concentrations in dark, with or without added nutrient solution. Then, the growth parameters were measured. All tested products showed increase in at least some concentrations compared with the control sample. Significant differences in the stimulating effect of HS depending on their origin were found.
Maris Klavins; Santa Grandovska; Vaira Obuka; Gederts Ievinsh. Comparative Study of Biostimulant Properties of Industrially and Experimentally Produced Humic Substances. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1250 .
AMA StyleMaris Klavins, Santa Grandovska, Vaira Obuka, Gederts Ievinsh. Comparative Study of Biostimulant Properties of Industrially and Experimentally Produced Humic Substances. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (6):1250.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaris Klavins; Santa Grandovska; Vaira Obuka; Gederts Ievinsh. 2021. "Comparative Study of Biostimulant Properties of Industrially and Experimentally Produced Humic Substances." Agronomy 11, no. 6: 1250.
Implementation of construction works on weak (e.g., compressible, collapsible, expansive) soils such as peatlands often is limited by logistics of equipment and shortage of available and applicable materials. If preloading or floating roads on geogrid reinforcement or piled embankments cannot be implemented, then soil stabilization is needed. Sustainable soil stabilization in an environmentally friendly way is recommended instead of applying known conventional methods such as pure cementing or excavation and a single replacement of soils. Substitution of conventional material (cement) and primary raw material (lime) with secondary raw material (waste and byproducts from industries) corresponds to the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations, preserves resources, saves energy, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. Besides traditional material usage, soil stabilization is achievable through various secondary raw materials (listed according to their groups and subgroups): 1. thermally treated waste products: 1.1. ashes from agriculture production; 1.2. ashes from energy production; 1.3. ashes from various manufacturing; 1.4. ashes from waste processing; 1.5. high carbon content pyrolysis products; 2. untreated waste and new products made from secondary raw materials: 2.1. waste from municipal waste biological treatment and landfills; 2.2. waste from industries; 3. new products made from secondary raw materials: 3.1. composite materials. Efficient solutions in environmental engineering may eliminate excessive amounts of waste and support innovation in the circular economy for sustainable future.
Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Tonis Teppand; Mait Kriipsalu; Maris Krievans; Yahya Jani; Maris Klavins; Roy Hendroko Setyobudi; Inga Grinfelde; Vita Rudovica; Toomas Tamm; Merrit Shanskiy; Egle Saaremae; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs. Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6726 .
AMA StyleZane Vincevica-Gaile, Tonis Teppand, Mait Kriipsalu, Maris Krievans, Yahya Jani, Maris Klavins, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Inga Grinfelde, Vita Rudovica, Toomas Tamm, Merrit Shanskiy, Egle Saaremae, Ivar Zekker, Juris Burlakovs. Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6726.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZane Vincevica-Gaile; Tonis Teppand; Mait Kriipsalu; Maris Krievans; Yahya Jani; Maris Klavins; Roy Hendroko Setyobudi; Inga Grinfelde; Vita Rudovica; Toomas Tamm; Merrit Shanskiy; Egle Saaremae; Ivar Zekker; Juris Burlakovs. 2021. "Towards Sustainable Soil Stabilization in Peatlands: Secondary Raw Materials as an Alternative." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6726.
Clay-organic composites have attracted great interest due to their ability to remove various contaminants from wastewater. The surfactants are the most commonly used organic compounds for clay modification. However, cationic surfactants are toxic and can be environmentally hazardous. Ionic liquids are a new promising alternative to the cationic surfactants due to lesser toxicity and appropriate thermal stability. The research aim is to prepare an environmentally friendly new class of clay sorbents modified with ionic liquids for potential applications in wastewater treatment from the textile industry. Imidazolium-based ionic liquids with different lengths of alkyl chains were intercalated in the interlayer space of sodium bentonite via an ion exchange reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method for the specific surface area (SSA) analysis provided evidence of successful modification of the bentonite. The removal of model organic contaminant, Congo red dye, from aqueous solutions was investigated using the modified clays under different experimental conditions, i.e., reaction time, pH and sorbate concentration. Detailed isotherm studies showed that the modified clays have much higher Congo red sorption capacity compared to unmodified bentonite. The maximum Congo red sorption capacity of 150 mg/g was observed for bentonite modified with 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (Bent_C12mimCl) with d-value of 17.7 Å. This study shows that ionic liquids enhance bentonite capacity for Congo red sorption with different trends based on the ionic liquid structure. Bentonite-ionic liquid composites are eco-friendly and effective sorbents and due to a substantial increase in their capacity for the removal of textile dyes, they are expected to diminish the environmental impact of industrially used dyes.
Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Juris Burlakovs; Toomas Tamm; Sindija Zeltkalne; Andrey E. Krauklis; Maris Klavins. Bentonite-ionic liquid composites for Congo red removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids 2021, 337, 116373 .
AMA StyleRuta Ozola-Davidane, Juris Burlakovs, Toomas Tamm, Sindija Zeltkalne, Andrey E. Krauklis, Maris Klavins. Bentonite-ionic liquid composites for Congo red removal from aqueous solutions. Journal of Molecular Liquids. 2021; 337 ():116373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRuta Ozola-Davidane; Juris Burlakovs; Toomas Tamm; Sindija Zeltkalne; Andrey E. Krauklis; Maris Klavins. 2021. "Bentonite-ionic liquid composites for Congo red removal from aqueous solutions." Journal of Molecular Liquids 337, no. : 116373.
Universities have a number of functions in developing Education for Sustainable Development (ESD): conducting study/teaching process themselves, participation in the development of study materials for other fields of studies, involvement in the development of study methods, as well as a responsibility for Sustainable Development Science. An equally important role of universities in the ESD process is the “training of trainers”—preparation of new teachers, who are aware of the need to promote the sustainable development process, are equipped with a systemic understanding of processes in the society and natural world, and know the local culture and traditions. The Aichi-Nagoya Declaration on Education for Sustainable Development clearly defines tasks for universities in promoting ESD. Due consideration to the complexity and diversity of issues related to the implementation of ESD is extremely important for identifying priorities and actions by universities, so that the contribution of academic stakeholders in promoting the ESD process could be optimised. For universities, the priority action to promote ESD is their involvement in the development of an ESD-supporting educational system—a task to which the contribution of university actors can be most efficient. Another priority task is the development of study approaches and study materials to support the implementation of ESD in all study programmes at a university level. A further challenge concerns a new initiative aimed at strengthening the links between ESD and Science Education in order to promote the Education for Environmental Citizenship.
Maris Klavins. Education for Sustainable Development: A University Perspective. World Sustainability Series 2021, 277 -284.
AMA StyleMaris Klavins. Education for Sustainable Development: A University Perspective. World Sustainability Series. 2021; ():277-284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaris Klavins. 2021. "Education for Sustainable Development: A University Perspective." World Sustainability Series , no. : 277-284.
Vaira Obuka; Maris Sinka; Vizma Nikolajeva; Solvita Kostjukova; Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Maris Klavins. Microbiological Stability of Bio-Based Building Materials. Journal of Ecological Engineering 2021, 22, 296 -313.
AMA StyleVaira Obuka, Maris Sinka, Vizma Nikolajeva, Solvita Kostjukova, Ruta Ozola-Davidane, Maris Klavins. Microbiological Stability of Bio-Based Building Materials. Journal of Ecological Engineering. 2021; 22 (4):296-313.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVaira Obuka; Maris Sinka; Vizma Nikolajeva; Solvita Kostjukova; Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Maris Klavins. 2021. "Microbiological Stability of Bio-Based Building Materials." Journal of Ecological Engineering 22, no. 4: 296-313.
Environmental pollution with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) is a worldwide problem that is receiving increasing attention. Although these substances have been released in the aquatic environment for a long time, wastewater treatment plants are still incapable of removing emerging contaminants completely. Consequently, trace metals, metalloids and pharmaceuticals, as well as surfactant leftovers, are often found in environmental samples. Environmentally friendly and cost-effective sorbents such as humic substances can be used for purification if their sorption properties are increased by immobilization. To our knowledge, immobilized humic substances have not been widely studied as sorbents up to now. In this study, humic substances were immobilized to obtain low-cost sorbents. The chosen methods for characterization of the obtained sorbents showed successful immobilization. Traditional pollutants, such as Cr(III) (a metal), As(V) (a metalloid) and chlorpromazine (a pharmaceutical), were used as representative contaminants. Sorption experiments were conducted using the batch system, and sorption was also studied based on the sorbent dosage, initial concentration of the studied element or substance, solution pH and sorption time. The results show that all the obtained immobilized humic substances in this study can be used as sorbents to remove contaminants from water. At the same time, from these humic substances, only those immobilized using iron compounds are suitable for the removal of arsenic.
Linda Ansone-Bertina; Karina Upska; Linda Dobkevica; Jorens Kviesis; Raimonds Meija; Maris Klavins. Immobilised Humic Substances as Low-Cost Sorbents for Emerging Contaminants. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3021 .
AMA StyleLinda Ansone-Bertina, Karina Upska, Linda Dobkevica, Jorens Kviesis, Raimonds Meija, Maris Klavins. Immobilised Humic Substances as Low-Cost Sorbents for Emerging Contaminants. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):3021.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinda Ansone-Bertina; Karina Upska; Linda Dobkevica; Jorens Kviesis; Raimonds Meija; Maris Klavins. 2021. "Immobilised Humic Substances as Low-Cost Sorbents for Emerging Contaminants." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 3021.
Vaccinium genus berries—wild bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and cultivated highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)—are consumed worldwide, and their consumption has a trend of stable increase. Thus, considering their wide use in ethnomedicine, for juice and jam production, as functional food, as well as their use in preparations of extracts which have application potential in pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries, studies regarding the composition of these berries are of special importance. The aim of this study is to characterise the elemental and isotopic composition, as well as variation in element concentration in bilberries gathered from different sites in Northern Europe and in commercially available blueberry samples from across the World. Furthermore, our aim was to develop tools for authenticity and quality control of these berries. The elemental composition of berries was analysed using inductively coupled plasma with optical emission detection (ICP-OED), while isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was used for the determination of isotope ratio values. The results demonstrated detectable differences between macro- and microelement values in bilberries. IRMS analysis of blueberries revealed significant differences in isotope ratios based on the place of origin, indicating the possibility to use this analytical method for authenticity testing. In none of the samples, pollution was detected, even though there were indications of different growth conditions and geochemical differences affecting bilberry composition.
Linards Klavins; Inessa Maaga; Maris Bertins; Anne Hykkerud; Katja Karppinen; Česlovas Bobinas; Heikki Salo; Nga Nguyen; Henriikka Salminen; Karina Stankevica; Maris Klavins. Trace Element Concentration and Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis in Blueberries and Bilberries: A Tool for Quality and Authenticity Control. Foods 2021, 10, 567 .
AMA StyleLinards Klavins, Inessa Maaga, Maris Bertins, Anne Hykkerud, Katja Karppinen, Česlovas Bobinas, Heikki Salo, Nga Nguyen, Henriikka Salminen, Karina Stankevica, Maris Klavins. Trace Element Concentration and Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis in Blueberries and Bilberries: A Tool for Quality and Authenticity Control. Foods. 2021; 10 (3):567.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinards Klavins; Inessa Maaga; Maris Bertins; Anne Hykkerud; Katja Karppinen; Česlovas Bobinas; Heikki Salo; Nga Nguyen; Henriikka Salminen; Karina Stankevica; Maris Klavins. 2021. "Trace Element Concentration and Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis in Blueberries and Bilberries: A Tool for Quality and Authenticity Control." Foods 10, no. 3: 567.
In this study, cuticular wax load, its chemical composition, and biosynthesis, was studied during development of wild type (WT) bilberry fruit and its natural glossy type (GT) mutant. GT fruit cuticular wax load was comparable with WT fruits. In both, the proportion of triterpenoids decreased during fruit development concomitant with increasing proportions of total aliphatic compounds. In GT fruit, a higher proportion of triterpenoids in cuticular wax was accompanied by a lower proportion of fatty acids and ketones compared to WT fruit as well as lower density of crystalloid structures on berry surfaces. Our results suggest that the glossy phenotype could be caused by the absence of rod-like structures in GT fruit associated with reduction in proportions of ketones and fatty acids in the cuticular wax. Especially CER26-like, FAR2, CER3-like, LTP, MIXTA, and BAS genes showed fruit skin preferential expression patterns indicating their role in cuticular wax biosynthesis and secretion.
Priyanka Trivedi; Nga Nguyen; Linards Klavins; Jorens Kviesis; Esa Heinonen; Janne Remes; Soile Jokipii-Lukkari; Maris Klavins; Katja Karppinen; Laura Jaakola; Hely Häggman. Analysis of composition, morphology, and biosynthesis of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and its glossy mutant. Food Chemistry 2021, 354, 129517 .
AMA StylePriyanka Trivedi, Nga Nguyen, Linards Klavins, Jorens Kviesis, Esa Heinonen, Janne Remes, Soile Jokipii-Lukkari, Maris Klavins, Katja Karppinen, Laura Jaakola, Hely Häggman. Analysis of composition, morphology, and biosynthesis of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and its glossy mutant. Food Chemistry. 2021; 354 ():129517.
Chicago/Turabian StylePriyanka Trivedi; Nga Nguyen; Linards Klavins; Jorens Kviesis; Esa Heinonen; Janne Remes; Soile Jokipii-Lukkari; Maris Klavins; Katja Karppinen; Laura Jaakola; Hely Häggman. 2021. "Analysis of composition, morphology, and biosynthesis of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and its glossy mutant." Food Chemistry 354, no. : 129517.
Berries of the genus Vaccinium found in bogs and forest of Northern Europe are a valuable source of biologically active substances containing sterols, unsaturated fatty acids, flavanoids, anthocyanins. The presence of these compounds provides various health benefits of berry use – treatment of urinary tract inflammation, controls levels of sugar in the blood, improves cardiovascular health and reduces negative effects of oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The studied bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) lipids were fractionated using normal-phase chromatography and they were found to contain fatty acids (oleic, linoleic acid), sterols (β-sitosterol), isoprenoids (ursolic and oleanolic acid) and different long-chain aliphatic compounds. The prepared extract fractions were tested for their sun protective factor and antimicrobial activity. Fractions containing high concentrations of phenolic acids (cinnamic acid, benzoic acid) were shown to have potential UV-B blocking activity, whereas the fractions with high sterol content effectively inhibited the growth of tested bacteria. These findings are empirical for the creation of natural nutraceutical and cosmeceutical functional ingredients.
Linards Klavins; Marcis Mezulis; Vizma Nikolajeva; Maris Klavins. Composition, sun protective and antimicrobial activity of lipophilic bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) extract fractions. LWT 2020, 138, 110784 .
AMA StyleLinards Klavins, Marcis Mezulis, Vizma Nikolajeva, Maris Klavins. Composition, sun protective and antimicrobial activity of lipophilic bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) extract fractions. LWT. 2020; 138 ():110784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinards Klavins; Marcis Mezulis; Vizma Nikolajeva; Maris Klavins. 2020. "Composition, sun protective and antimicrobial activity of lipophilic bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) extract fractions." LWT 138, no. : 110784.
Industrial and strategic significance of platinum group elements (PGEs)—Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt—makes them irreplaceable; furthermore, some PGEs are used by investors as “safe heaven” assets traded in the commodity markets. This review analyzes PGEs from various aspects: their place in the geosphere, destiny in the anthroposphere, and opportunity in the economy considering interactions among the exploration, recycling of urban ores, trade markets, speculative rhetoric, and changes required for successful technological progress towards the implementation of sustainability. The global market of PGEs is driven by several concerns: costs for extraction/recycling; logistics; the demand of industries; policies of waste management. Diversity of application and specific chemical properties, as well as improper waste management, make the recycling of PGEs complicated. The processing approach depends on composition and the amount of available waste material, and so therefore urban ores are a significant source of PGEs, especially when the supply of elements is limited by geopolitical or market tensions. Recycling potential of urban ores is particularly important in a long-term view disregarding short-term economic fluctuations, and it should influence investment flows in the advancement of innovation.
Juris Burlakovs; Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Maris Krievans; Yahya Jani; Mika Horttanainen; Kaur-Mikk Pehme; Elina Dace; Roy Hendroko Setyobudi; Jovita Pilecka; Gintaras Denafas; Inga Grinfelde; Amit Bhatnagar; Vasiliy Rud; Vita Rudovica; Ronald L. Mersky; Olga Anne; Mait Kriipsalu; Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Toomas Tamm; Maris Klavins. Platinum Group Elements in Geosphere and Anthroposphere: Interplay among the Global Reserves, Urban Ores, Markets and Circular Economy. Minerals 2020, 10, 558 .
AMA StyleJuris Burlakovs, Zane Vincevica-Gaile, Maris Krievans, Yahya Jani, Mika Horttanainen, Kaur-Mikk Pehme, Elina Dace, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi, Jovita Pilecka, Gintaras Denafas, Inga Grinfelde, Amit Bhatnagar, Vasiliy Rud, Vita Rudovica, Ronald L. Mersky, Olga Anne, Mait Kriipsalu, Ruta Ozola-Davidane, Toomas Tamm, Maris Klavins. Platinum Group Elements in Geosphere and Anthroposphere: Interplay among the Global Reserves, Urban Ores, Markets and Circular Economy. Minerals. 2020; 10 (6):558.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuris Burlakovs; Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Maris Krievans; Yahya Jani; Mika Horttanainen; Kaur-Mikk Pehme; Elina Dace; Roy Hendroko Setyobudi; Jovita Pilecka; Gintaras Denafas; Inga Grinfelde; Amit Bhatnagar; Vasiliy Rud; Vita Rudovica; Ronald L. Mersky; Olga Anne; Mait Kriipsalu; Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Toomas Tamm; Maris Klavins. 2020. "Platinum Group Elements in Geosphere and Anthroposphere: Interplay among the Global Reserves, Urban Ores, Markets and Circular Economy." Minerals 10, no. 6: 558.
The outer-most layer of plant surface, the cuticle, consists of epi- and intra-cuticular wax. It protects the plant from dehydration, extreme temperatures and UV radiation, as well as attacks from pests such as molds and bacteria. Berry cuticular waxes are studied to understand the metabolism character (factors affecting wax layer composition in different berry species) and increase the microbial resistance and shelf life of berries. The aim of this study was analysis of the surface wax composition of nine species of wild and cultivated berries from Northern Europe. Cuticular wax analysis were done using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 59 different compounds were identified belonging to nine groups of compounds, namely, alkanes, phytosterols, alcohols, fatty acids, phenolic acids, ketones, aldehydes, esters and tocopherols. The analyzed blueberries had the highest amount of wax present on their surface (0.9 mg berry−1), triterpenoids were the main wax constituent in these berries, with up to 62% wax composition. Berry species and varieties were compared based on their surface wax composition—similarities were found between different blueberry varieties; however, other berries showed differences based on concentration and composition of cuticular wax.
Linards Klavins; Maris Klavins. Cuticular Wax Composition of Wild and Cultivated Northern Berries. Foods 2020, 9, 587 .
AMA StyleLinards Klavins, Maris Klavins. Cuticular Wax Composition of Wild and Cultivated Northern Berries. Foods. 2020; 9 (5):587.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLinards Klavins; Maris Klavins. 2020. "Cuticular Wax Composition of Wild and Cultivated Northern Berries." Foods 9, no. 5: 587.
Cuticular wax plays an important role in fruits in protection against environmental stresses and desiccation. In this study, biosynthesis and chemical composition of cuticular wax in wild type (WT) bilberry fruit was studied during development and compared with its natural glossy type (GT) mutant. The cuticular wax load in GT fruit was comparable to WT fruit. In both fruits, triterpenoids were the dominant wax compounds with decreasing proportion during the fruit development accompanied with increasing proportion of aliphatic compounds. Gene expression studies supported the pattern of compound accumulation during fruit development. GenesCER26-like, FAR2, CER3-like, LTP, MIXTA, andBASexhibited prevalent expression in fruit skin indicating role in cuticular wax biosynthesis and secretion. In GT fruit, higher proportion of triterpenoids in cuticular wax was accompanied by lower proportion of fatty acids and ketones compared to WT fruit as well as lower density of crystalloid structures on berry surface. Our results suggest that a marked reduction in ketones in cuticular wax may play a significant role in the formation of glossy phenotype leading to the loss of rod-like structures in epicuticular wax layer of GT fruit. Highlight Chemical composition and morphology of cuticular wax along with gene expression for wax biosynthetic genes varied between glossy type mutant (GT) and wild type (WT) fruit.
Priyanka Trivedi; Nga Nguyen; Linards Klavins; Jorens Kviesis; Esa Heinonen; Janne Remes; Soile Jokipii-Lukkari; Maris Klavins; Katja Karppinen; Laura Jaakola; Hely Häggman. Analysis of biosynthesis and composition of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillusL.) and its glossy mutant. 2020, 1 .
AMA StylePriyanka Trivedi, Nga Nguyen, Linards Klavins, Jorens Kviesis, Esa Heinonen, Janne Remes, Soile Jokipii-Lukkari, Maris Klavins, Katja Karppinen, Laura Jaakola, Hely Häggman. Analysis of biosynthesis and composition of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillusL.) and its glossy mutant. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StylePriyanka Trivedi; Nga Nguyen; Linards Klavins; Jorens Kviesis; Esa Heinonen; Janne Remes; Soile Jokipii-Lukkari; Maris Klavins; Katja Karppinen; Laura Jaakola; Hely Häggman. 2020. "Analysis of biosynthesis and composition of cuticular wax in wild type bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillusL.) and its glossy mutant." , no. : 1.
The urban environment is characterised by many pressures caused by population growth, transport (and its related emissions), and the damage to green areas. Yet, there is a variety of ecosystem services available in urban areas, which may be deployed to ameliorate the current problems and foster their sustainability. This paper reviews the role of ecosystem services as tools for sustainability, based on an urban setting. It also describes a series of multi-country case studies, where an assessment of their functions using a set of benefits valuation approaches such as health benefits, economic benefits, social benefits and benefits to climate resilience, are provided, along with an appraisal of their role in up-keeping the overall quality of the urban environment in the studied areas. Policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the role of ecosystem services, and fostering sustainability in the sampled sites -and beyond-are provided.
Walter Leal Filho; Jelena Barbir; Mihaela Sima; Alexandra Kalbus; Gustavo J. Nagy; Angelo Paletta; Alicia Villamizar; Reinaldo Martinez; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro; Mário J. Pereira; Paula C. Mussetta; Jorge D. Ivars; José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório De Andrade Guerra; Samara De Silva Neiva; Stefano Moncada; Charles Galdies; Maris Klavins; Mariyana Nikolova; Radu C. Gogu; Abdul-Lateef Balogun; Aicha Bouredji; Alessandra Bonoli. Reviewing the role of ecosystems services in the sustainability of the urban environment: A multi-country analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 262, 121338 .
AMA StyleWalter Leal Filho, Jelena Barbir, Mihaela Sima, Alexandra Kalbus, Gustavo J. Nagy, Angelo Paletta, Alicia Villamizar, Reinaldo Martinez, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro, Mário J. Pereira, Paula C. Mussetta, Jorge D. Ivars, José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório De Andrade Guerra, Samara De Silva Neiva, Stefano Moncada, Charles Galdies, Maris Klavins, Mariyana Nikolova, Radu C. Gogu, Abdul-Lateef Balogun, Aicha Bouredji, Alessandra Bonoli. Reviewing the role of ecosystems services in the sustainability of the urban environment: A multi-country analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 262 ():121338.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWalter Leal Filho; Jelena Barbir; Mihaela Sima; Alexandra Kalbus; Gustavo J. Nagy; Angelo Paletta; Alicia Villamizar; Reinaldo Martinez; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro; Mário J. Pereira; Paula C. Mussetta; Jorge D. Ivars; José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório De Andrade Guerra; Samara De Silva Neiva; Stefano Moncada; Charles Galdies; Maris Klavins; Mariyana Nikolova; Radu C. Gogu; Abdul-Lateef Balogun; Aicha Bouredji; Alessandra Bonoli. 2020. "Reviewing the role of ecosystems services in the sustainability of the urban environment: A multi-country analysis." Journal of Cleaner Production 262, no. : 121338.
Despite the significant reduction of phosphorus (P) discharge in the Baltic Sea in the last decades, obtained through the implementation of some approaches within the Helsinki Convention, eutrophication is still considered the biggest problem for the Baltic Sea environment. Consequently, the reduction of P load is an urgent need to solve, but the complexity of both the environmental and legislative context of the area makes this process difficult (more than in the past). Eutrophication is an intricate issue requiring a proper framework of governance that is not easy to determine in the Baltic Sea Region where the needs of several different countries converge. To identify the most suitable strategy to reduce the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, the InPhos project (no. 17022, 2018–2019, funded by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) Raw Materials) adopted a holistic approach considering technical, political, economic, environmental and social aspects of P management. With the aims to raise awareness about the P challenge, foster the dialogue among all the stakeholders, and find solutions already developed in other countries (such as Germany and Switzerland) to be transferred in the Baltic Sea Region, the InPhos project consortium applied the methodology proposed in this paper, consisting of three main phases: (i) analysis of the available technologies to remove P from waste streams that contribute to eutrophication; (ii) analysis of the main streams involving P in Baltic Sea countries to highlight the potential of more sustainable and circular P management; (iii) study of the current context (e.g., already-existing initiatives and issues). This approach allowed us to identify four categories of recommendations and practical actions proposed to improve P management in the Baltic Sea region. During the project, the consortium mainly addressed social aspects. Following steps beyond the project will be more quantitative to determine the techno-economic feasibility of circular P management in selected demo cases in the region.
Marzena Smol; Michał Preisner; Augusto Bianchini; Jessica Rossi; Ludwig Hermann; Tanja Schaaf; Jolita Kruopienė; Kastytis Pamakštys; Maris Klavins; Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Daina Kalnina; Elina Strade; Viktoria Voronova; Karin Pachel; Xiaosheng Yang; Britt-Marie Steenari; Magdalena Svanström. Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2567 .
AMA StyleMarzena Smol, Michał Preisner, Augusto Bianchini, Jessica Rossi, Ludwig Hermann, Tanja Schaaf, Jolita Kruopienė, Kastytis Pamakštys, Maris Klavins, Ruta Ozola-Davidane, Daina Kalnina, Elina Strade, Viktoria Voronova, Karin Pachel, Xiaosheng Yang, Britt-Marie Steenari, Magdalena Svanström. Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2567.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarzena Smol; Michał Preisner; Augusto Bianchini; Jessica Rossi; Ludwig Hermann; Tanja Schaaf; Jolita Kruopienė; Kastytis Pamakštys; Maris Klavins; Ruta Ozola-Davidane; Daina Kalnina; Elina Strade; Viktoria Voronova; Karin Pachel; Xiaosheng Yang; Britt-Marie Steenari; Magdalena Svanström. 2020. "Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2567.
Climate policies are essential to mitigate climate change and to develop successful adaptation processes. However, there is a paucity of international studies that analyse the status of climate change policies. This paper reports on research undertaken in a sample of 13 highly diverse countries, in regards to their geography, socioeconomic development, vulnerability elements, adaptation, and climate-risks. The results draw attention to the global spread and standardisation of climate change policies, namely through the adoption of comprehensive National Adaptation Plans/Strategies (NAPs/NASs) that include mitigation measures and evaluation mechanisms. Although NAPs tend to take into account different non-governmental stakeholders, they are still mainly state-centred (i.e. their steering and implementation are the responsibility of each country´s Ministry of the Environment) in most of the 13 countries in which this study was carried out. The results show that NAPs’ objectives mainly reflect more a global agenda and pay less attention to national/regional vulnerabilities and contexts. In fact, despite different socioeconomic levels of development, diverse climate-risks, and dissimilar vulnerability and readiness status among countries, the examined NAPs tend to focus on the same critical sectors and objectives. Notwithstanding their similarities, our results highlight two different logics of adaptation reflected on the NAPs: one focused on economic risks and opportunities, characteristic of developed countries; and others focused on natural resources and conservation, characteristic of developing countries.
Fátima Alves; Walter Leal Filho; Paula Casaleiro; Gustavo J. Nagy; Harry Diaz; Abul Quasem Al-Amin; José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório De Andrade Guerra; Margot Hurlbert; Harith Farooq; Maris Klavins; Mustafa Saroar; Eliska Krkoska Lorencova; Suresh Jain; Amadeu Soares; Fernando Morgado; Paul O’Hare; Franziska Wolf; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro. Climate change policies and agendas: Facing implementation challenges and guiding responses. Environmental Science & Policy 2019, 104, 190 -198.
AMA StyleFátima Alves, Walter Leal Filho, Paula Casaleiro, Gustavo J. Nagy, Harry Diaz, Abul Quasem Al-Amin, José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório De Andrade Guerra, Margot Hurlbert, Harith Farooq, Maris Klavins, Mustafa Saroar, Eliska Krkoska Lorencova, Suresh Jain, Amadeu Soares, Fernando Morgado, Paul O’Hare, Franziska Wolf, Ulisses M. Azeiteiro. Climate change policies and agendas: Facing implementation challenges and guiding responses. Environmental Science & Policy. 2019; 104 ():190-198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFátima Alves; Walter Leal Filho; Paula Casaleiro; Gustavo J. Nagy; Harry Diaz; Abul Quasem Al-Amin; José Baltazar Salgueirinho Osório De Andrade Guerra; Margot Hurlbert; Harith Farooq; Maris Klavins; Mustafa Saroar; Eliska Krkoska Lorencova; Suresh Jain; Amadeu Soares; Fernando Morgado; Paul O’Hare; Franziska Wolf; Ulisses M. Azeiteiro. 2019. "Climate change policies and agendas: Facing implementation challenges and guiding responses." Environmental Science & Policy 104, no. : 190-198.
Universities are central players and important economic actors in many regions, and many of them are, in general, nationally and internationally active in respect of matters related to sustainable development. But there is a paucity of research which examines their contributions towards sustainability efforts at the local level, i.e. in the places they are situated. This paper addresses this need, by reporting on a qualitative study deploying a Matrix, which allows an analysis and reporting of regional sustainable development initiatives of a set of 22 universities in industrialised and developing countries. Recommendations to enhance their role are provided, including the importance of pursuing partnerships and joint initiatives, understanding the need of local communities, and making their know-how more widely available. The scientific value of this research is related to the understanding of how the interaction between universities and local communities happens and by shedding light to this topic, it supports universities to improve their own actions. Its implications are two-fold: it demonstrates the potential of universities as local players and outlines the range of activities they may engage with, and which may allow them to act as pillars to local sustainability initiatives.
Walter Leal Filho; Valeria Ruiz Vargas; Amanda Lange Salvia; Luciana Londero Brandli; Eric Pallant; Maris Klavins; Subhasis Ray; Sara Moggi; Marija Maruna; Elisa Conticelli; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Vesela Radovic; Bhumika Gupta; Salil Sen; Arminda Paço; Eleni Michalopoulou; Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim; Hock Lye Koh; Fernanda Frankenberger; Wasan Kanchanamukda; Dênis Antônio da Cunha; Noor Adelyna Mohammed Akib; Amelia Clarke; Tony Wall; Mentore Vaccari. The role of higher education institutions in sustainability initiatives at the local level. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 233, 1004 -1015.
AMA StyleWalter Leal Filho, Valeria Ruiz Vargas, Amanda Lange Salvia, Luciana Londero Brandli, Eric Pallant, Maris Klavins, Subhasis Ray, Sara Moggi, Marija Maruna, Elisa Conticelli, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Vesela Radovic, Bhumika Gupta, Salil Sen, Arminda Paço, Eleni Michalopoulou, Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim, Hock Lye Koh, Fernanda Frankenberger, Wasan Kanchanamukda, Dênis Antônio da Cunha, Noor Adelyna Mohammed Akib, Amelia Clarke, Tony Wall, Mentore Vaccari. The role of higher education institutions in sustainability initiatives at the local level. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 233 ():1004-1015.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWalter Leal Filho; Valeria Ruiz Vargas; Amanda Lange Salvia; Luciana Londero Brandli; Eric Pallant; Maris Klavins; Subhasis Ray; Sara Moggi; Marija Maruna; Elisa Conticelli; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Vesela Radovic; Bhumika Gupta; Salil Sen; Arminda Paço; Eleni Michalopoulou; Fiffy Hanisdah Saikim; Hock Lye Koh; Fernanda Frankenberger; Wasan Kanchanamukda; Dênis Antônio da Cunha; Noor Adelyna Mohammed Akib; Amelia Clarke; Tony Wall; Mentore Vaccari. 2019. "The role of higher education institutions in sustainability initiatives at the local level." Journal of Cleaner Production 233, no. : 1004-1015.
Aerial surfaces of plants are covered by a waxy cuticle protecting plants from excessive water loss and UV light. In the present study, composition and morphology of cuticular waxes of northern wild berry species bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), lingonberry (V. vitis-idaea L.), bog bilberry (V. uliginosum L.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum L.) were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed differences in epicuticular wax morphology, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis confirmed variation in chemical composition of cuticular waxes between the berry species. The dominant compounds in bilberry and lingonberry cuticular waxes were triterpenoids, while fatty acids and alkanes were the dominant type in bog bilberry and crowberry, respectively. Wax extracted by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) from industrial press cakes of bilberry and lingonberry contained linoleic acid and γ-linolenic acid as the dominant compounds. Furthermore, in vitro sun protection factor (SPF) of berry waxes depicted good UV-B absorbing capacities.
Priyanka Trivedi; Katja Karppinen; Linards Klavins; Jorens Kviesis; Petri Sundqvist; Nga Nguyen; Esa Heinonen; Maris Klavins; Laura Jaakola; Juha Väänänen; Janne Remes; Hely Häggman. Compositional and morphological analyses of wax in northern wild berry species. Food Chemistry 2019, 295, 441 -448.
AMA StylePriyanka Trivedi, Katja Karppinen, Linards Klavins, Jorens Kviesis, Petri Sundqvist, Nga Nguyen, Esa Heinonen, Maris Klavins, Laura Jaakola, Juha Väänänen, Janne Remes, Hely Häggman. Compositional and morphological analyses of wax in northern wild berry species. Food Chemistry. 2019; 295 ():441-448.
Chicago/Turabian StylePriyanka Trivedi; Katja Karppinen; Linards Klavins; Jorens Kviesis; Petri Sundqvist; Nga Nguyen; Esa Heinonen; Maris Klavins; Laura Jaakola; Juha Väänänen; Janne Remes; Hely Häggman. 2019. "Compositional and morphological analyses of wax in northern wild berry species." Food Chemistry 295, no. : 441-448.
Vaccinium is a common and widespread genus of about 450 species of shrubs or dwarf shrubs in the heath family (Ericaceae). Most of Vaccinium species produce edible berries and many berries are widely cultivated at an industrial scale, for example, bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), and cranberries (Vaccinium oxycoccos L.). These berries are important articles in the markets of berries in Northern countries both raw, and processed. Vaccinium berries are at first valued considering high vitamin concentrations as well as high concentrations of phenolics. However, also oils and waxes (lipids) of Vaccinium berries have high diversity in respect to their composition as well as the high potential of their applications. Vaccinium berry oils and waxes can be obtained and produced from berry press residues-berry juice processing wastes. From Vaccinium berry seeds oils, a high amounts of triglycerides as well as fatty acids, alkanes, alkanols, terpenoids and other lipids can be isolated. Several sterols also can be found in Vaccinium berry oils. From the perspective of practical applications, following groups of substances are of interest: sterols, terpenoids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
M. Klavins; L. Klavina. Vaccinium Genus Berry Waxes and Oils. Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality 2019, 419 -431.
AMA StyleM. Klavins, L. Klavina. Vaccinium Genus Berry Waxes and Oils. Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality. 2019; ():419-431.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Klavins; L. Klavina. 2019. "Vaccinium Genus Berry Waxes and Oils." Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality , no. : 419-431.
For decades, significant work has been conducted regarding plastic waste by dealing with rejected materials in waste masses through their accumulation, sorting and recycling. Important political and technical challenges are involved, especially with respect to landfilled waste. Plastic is popular and, notwithstanding decrease policies, it will remain a material widely used in most economic sectors. However, questions of plastic waste recycling in the contemporary world cannot be solved without knowing the material, which can be achieved by careful sampling, analysis and quantification. Plastic is heterogeneous, but usually all plastic waste is jointly handled for recycling and incineration. Separation before processing waste through the analytical approach must be applied. Modern landfill mining and site clean-up projects in contemporary waste management systems require comprehensive material studies ranging from the macro-characterization of waste masses to a more detailed analysis of hazardous constituents and properties from an energy calorific standpoint—where, among other methods, thermogravimetric research coupled with life cycle assessment (LCA) and economic assessment is highly welcomed.
Juris Burlakovs; Mait Kriipsalu; Dmitry Porshnov; Yahya Jani; Viesturs Ozols; Kaur-Mikk Pehme; Vita Rudovica; Inga Grinfelde; Jovita Pilecka; Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Tsitsino Turkadze; William Hogland; Maris Klavins. Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe. Separations 2019, 6, 25 .
AMA StyleJuris Burlakovs, Mait Kriipsalu, Dmitry Porshnov, Yahya Jani, Viesturs Ozols, Kaur-Mikk Pehme, Vita Rudovica, Inga Grinfelde, Jovita Pilecka, Zane Vincevica-Gaile, Tsitsino Turkadze, William Hogland, Maris Klavins. Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe. Separations. 2019; 6 (2):25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuris Burlakovs; Mait Kriipsalu; Dmitry Porshnov; Yahya Jani; Viesturs Ozols; Kaur-Mikk Pehme; Vita Rudovica; Inga Grinfelde; Jovita Pilecka; Zane Vincevica-Gaile; Tsitsino Turkadze; William Hogland; Maris Klavins. 2019. "Gateway of Landfilled Plastic Waste Towards Circular Economy in Europe." Separations 6, no. 2: 25.